Our researches revolve around aqueous batteries (ABs), which can be classified into two types: metal ion ABs and non–metal ion ABs. The use of aqueous electrolytes offers tremendous competitiveness in terms of (1) low cost, (2) environmental friendliness, (3) capability of fast charging and high-power densities, and (4) high tolerance against electrical and mechanical mishandling. We carry out researches of high-performance ABs from two perspectives: electrode design and system optimization. To be specific, electrode design includes structure design, doping design, multi-ions storage design, surface modification, crystallographic regulation, etc. System optimization includes redox activity regulation, electrolyte additive, interfacial regulation, solid-state electrolyte design, assembly of flexible electronic device, etc.